A brief note about Experiments in Galvanism
As I mentioned before, I’ve attended DEAF07 as guide and host. In this program, every participant has to choose one of the artists in this exhibition to do some research of his/her background and then give a brief presentation to others. Thus everyone could learn from each other and have general realization of all the artworks and artists. Here is my initial note of “Experiment in Galvanism”. Even it’s still quite rough, I’d like to share it with all of you. I’ll appreciate if you can give me any feedback.
Introducing–Garnet Hertz
Garnet Hertz is an academic researcher and a crazy artist.
- A research fellow at the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology
- A doctoral student at the University of California Irvine
- MFA degree from the Arts Computation Engineering program at UCI
His current interests include the history, theory and practice of electro/mechanical art, computing, media theory, digital/internet art and robotics.
Experiments in Galvanism
A frog specimen is implanted with a miniature web server which is suspended by a blue Ethernet cable in a glass cube. The glass cube is full of mineral oil which can avoid conducting electricity.
A webcam is set on the top of the cube which enables remote visitors to see and control the movement of the frog’s legs via internet. Visitors can trigger physical movement of the dead frog by accessing the specific website, for example, clicking “LEFT LEG” to make the frog’s left leg twitch.
Experiments in Galvanism in 18th century
Galvanism is the contraction of a muscle that is stimulated by an electric current. In medicine, galvanism refers to any form of medical treatment involving the application of pulses of electric current to body tissues provoking the contraction muscles that are stimulated by the electric current.
Luigi Galvani(1737-1798) is an Italian physician famous for his experiment of making frog’s legs twitch in the 1780’s and 1790’s. He caused the legs of a dead frog to twitch simply by touching muscles and nerves with metal. The experiment made Galvani the first investigator to appreciate the relationship between electricity and animation — or life. Galvani referred to the phenomenon as animal electricity, believing that he had discovered a distinct form of electricity.
The modern study of galvanic effects is called electrophysiology, the term galvanism being used only in historical contexts. The term is also used to describe the bringing to life of organisms using electricity, as shown in Mary Shelley’s work Frankenstein (which was influenced by galvanism) and people still speak of being “galvanized into action”.
Some of my interpretation of this project
Life is more like a switch?
This artwork updates Luigi Galvani’s original 1786 experiment by information technology. The frog is controlled not only by electricity but digital signal, which means information technology enhances the (animal) body control and will change the relationship of organism and machine radically. Since corpse can be triggered by electricity, maybe it is possible to say that life is more like a switch-you can turn it on/off at will.
Biorobotic
In terms of this experiment, “twitch” can be considered as the first response of organism to technology. According to Galvani’s discovery, the bioelectric forces exist within living tissue which many theorists and practitioners consider to be the new new media: bio(tech) art.
What is the relationship between this project and DEAF07?
Interact with Death?
Telecommunication technology transforms the relationship of “interact/die” as “ON/OFF”. The boundary of life/death can be broken by a switch. Within the emerging biological network, Human and animals will connect to each other as nodes of the network, controlling and responsing mutually.
Cockroach Controlled Mobile Robot –another Garnet’s animal-machine project
Besides the twitch dead frog, here comes a running living cockroach… (one of my disfavorable insects in the world -_-)
“Cockroach Controlled Mobile Robot” is an experimental mechanism that uses a living Madagascan cockroach atop a modified trackball to control a three-wheeled robot. If the cockroach moves left, the robot moves left. Infrared sensors also provide navigation feedback to the cockroach, striving to create a pseudo-intelligent system with the cockroach as the CPU.
In this project, Garnet uses living animals control instead of corpse and exploits cockroach’s movement, reaction and even emotion. Such a research may evolve the age of animal-machine hybrid—animals as the component of electronic system.
Relevant projects
In addtion to Garnet’s projects, I also find out lots of related artworks and experiments which could provide us more insight regarding this issue. But here I’ll just mention these two:
Augment animals by James Auger and Jimmy Loizeau
The concept of Augmented Animals imagines a world where some of human technology has been adapted for animals, tending to some of their specific needs.
In my opinion, the interesting part of this project is the concept of “design for animals” which contributes to the well-being of animals.
PING BODY by Stelarc
A classic artwork of man-machine & telecommunication—a performance website allowing the audience to remotely access, view and actuate Stelarc’s body via a computer-interfaced muscle-stimulation system. Thus the internet becomes not merely a mode of information transmission, but also a transducer, effecting physical action.
The future of human
Human will be driven by information technology?
Animal-Human-Machine hybrid
How do you think of this video?
I love mindmap
Reference
http://www.conceptlab.com/frog/
Galvanism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/archives/004734.php